Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo, Arina Novilla, Sijani Prahastuti, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma, Wahyu Widowati, Fadhilah Haifa Zahiroh, Dhanar Septyawan Hadiprasetyo, Wahyu Surakusumah
Leukemia, characterized by abnormal leukocyte proliferation, ranks ninth in Indonesia as the most common cancer. While treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation effectively target cancer cells, they also pose a risk of damaging healthy blood cells. This has spurred interest in exploring low-toxicity herbal compounds as potential therapies, with mangosteen peel emerging as a widely researched option. Nanotechnology, which has the potential to enhance the bioavailability of herbal compounds, is also a focus of extensive research. This study objective was to assess the impact of Mangosteen Peel Nanocrystal (MPN) on HL-60 leukemia cells by analyzing various parameters, including cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, senescence, and gene expression changes. MPN was prepared with high-speed milling and characterized using particle size analyzers, microscopy, and stability assessments. HL-60 cells were cultured and subjected to MPN treatment. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using WST-8 assays, ROS levels were assessed using flow cytometry, and senescence analyses using Senescence-Associated β-Galactosidase Staining. AKT and FLT-1 gene expression were determined via qRT-PCR. MPN has been successfully characterized as a nanoparticle based on size, stability, and morphology. MPN has an impact on leukemia cells by increasing cytotoxicity, decreasing ROS levels, inducing senescence, and modulating AKT and FLT-1 gene expressions. The findings suggest potential implications for MPN in targeting leukemia cells. The study sheds light on the promising effects of MPN in leukemia cell models, indicating its potential applications in targeting cancer cells, inducing senescence, decreasing ROS levels, and modulating gene expressions related to cell survival and proliferation. © 2025, Magister Program of Material Sciences, Graduate School of Sriwijaya University. All rights reserved.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, 60293, Indonesia; Medical Laboratory Science Program, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, 40531, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, Indonesia; Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, 40163, Indonesia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi, 40531, Indonesia; Biology Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Science Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
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