Eko Purnomo, Omar Firdaus, Nina Jermaina, Agus Gumilar, Mutiara Felicita Amsal, Andri Gemaini, Amin Akbar, Rila Muspita, Nor Eeza Zainal Abidin
Background. The application of universal values in schools through physical education at various levels has different impacts, and the results or what is obtained or caused will also be different. Objectives. This study aims to look more deeply into the implementation and or application of universal values in physical education at various school levels. Methods. This study used a comparative study method, with the research sample being teachers at elementary and junior levels who were taken randomly. One hundred sixty-nine teachers were willing to fill out the instrument with details (111 elementary school teachers and 35 junior high school teachers). This research uses the Universal Values in Sport Instrument (USSI) with a reliability level 0.990. Five dimensions are assessed in this research instrument: Ethics and Morals, Knowledge and understanding, Social, Psychological, Leadership, and Organization. Results. The study results showed no significant difference in applying universal values between the three levels of education. This is indicated by a p-value greater than 0.05, indicating that the average difference found was not statistically significant. Conclusions. This study concludes that teachers play an essential role in implementing these universal values. © 2025, Society of Aging and Physical Activity (SAPA). All rights reserved.
Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Faculty of Sports Science and Coaching, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia; Faculty of Education, Sports and Health, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia; Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Faculty of Psychology and Health, Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia; Faculty of Sports and Exercise Science, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia
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