Budi Mulyanti, Roer Eka Pawinanto, Rakean Shidqii Hasan Ali Wisesa, Andita Dwitama, Muhammad Hadi Baihaqie, Ilyasa Nafan Faza, Muhammad Saseno, Pixel Muhammad Januar Rizqi, Nurhidayatulloh, Muhammad Adli Rizqulloh, Ahmad Fudholi
This study experimentally evaluates the thermodynamic and drying performance of a laboratory-scale closed-loop air-source heat pump dryer for batik textile processing, compared with traditional sun-drying methods used in batik cloth production. Drying is often inconsistent due to unpredictable weather conditions, such as rain or cloud cover. Proper drying is essential for maintaining the quality, color vibrancy, and durability of Batik fabric. To address these issues, a heat pump dryer with a closed-loop airflow system is developed to provide stable drying conditions while minimizing energy consumption. The system integrates vapor-compression refrigeration with controlled air recirculation to enable latent heat recovery and stable low-temperature drying. Experimental parameters, including chamber temperature, relative humidity, evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, and airflow velocity, were monitored. The experimental results on thermodynamic and drying performance yielded a specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) ranging from 1.7 to 2.2 kg/kWh. The heat pump dryer significantly reduces drying time, completing the process in 30 minutes compared to 40 minutes for sun drying. Compared to traditional sun drying, the proposed system reduced drying time by approximately 25% while maintaining stable thermal conditions (>40°C) and minimizing environmental contamination. The results confirm that the prototype operates within the expected thermodynamic performance envelope of small-scale closed-loop heat pump dryers. Heat pump dryers offer a more reliable and weather-independent solution for the batik industry, enhancing production efficiency and fabric consistency. Industrial-scale validation under variable humidity conditions remains necessary. © 2026 The Authors
Study Program of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No.229, West Java, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia; Study Program of Industrial Automation Engineering Education and Robotics, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr, Setiabudhi No. 229, West Java, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia; Study Program of Electrical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No.229, West Java, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia; Study Program of Multimedia Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jalan Raya Cibiru KM 15, West Java, Kabupaten Bandung, 40393, Indonesia; Energy Conversion and Conservation Research Center, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Setu, Banten, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia; Advanced Devices and Materials in Engineering Education (ADMEE), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No.229, West Java, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
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