Nuria Haristiani, Mutia Kusumawati
Vocational education plays a strategic role in preparing workforce-ready graduates in the context of rapid digital transformation. In the digital era, vocational students must develop technical skills alongside language competence and information and communication technology (ICT) skills. This study examines the integrative role of language and ICT in vocational education using a scoping review approach supported by bibliometric evidence and national descriptive data. Bibliometric data from the Scopus database were used to map global research trends, while secondary data provided contextual insights into the Indonesian vocational education system. The findings highlight curriculum alignment, teacher competence, and infrastructure as key mediating factors shaping workforce readiness. This study proposes an integrative conceptual framework linking language and ICT competencies with workforce readiness and contributes to discussions on vocational education reform aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). © 2026, Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering. All rights reserved.
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia; Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
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