Obie Farobie, Latifa Aisya Anis, Widya Fatriasari, Azizatul Karimah, Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani, Delicia Yunita Rahman, Ayu Lana Nafisyah, Apip Amrullah, Muhammad Aziz
Hydrothermal process is an eco-friendly method for simultaneously extracting antioxidant compounds and producing hydrochar. This study examined the simultaneous production of nutritional compounds and hydrochar from Chlorella pyrenoidosa via a hydrothermal process. The experiments were conducted using a batch reactor at varying temperatures (160, 180, and 200 °C) and holding times (10, 20, and 30 min). The results revealed that phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, and hydrochar production were strongly affected by both temperature and time. The highest total phenolic content (1.70 ± 0.16 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (94.2 ± 1.8 %) were found in process water at 200 °C with a holding time of 20 min. Under these conditions, a hydrochar yield of 30.79 % was obtained. Intriguingly, the hydrochar obtained at 200 °C exhibited higher heating values (24.93–28.32 MJ kg−1) than typical sub-bituminous coals, giving it potential for use as a solid fuel. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), IPB Darmaga Campus, West Java, Bogor, 16002, Indonesia; Surfactant and Bioenergy Research Center (SBRC), IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Jl. Pajajaran No. 1, IPB Baranangsiang Campus, West Java, Bogor, 16144, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl Raya Bogor KM 46 Cibinong, Bogor, 16911, Indonesia; Research Collaboration Center for Biomass-Based Nano Cosmetics, Collaboration between BRIN and Mulawarman University, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; Agro-industrial Technology Education Study Program, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia; Research Center for Applied Microbiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Airlangga University, Indonesia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Lambung Mangkurat University, Indonesia; Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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