Muhammad Rasyidur Ridho, Sehrish Javaid, Jayadi, Pati Kemala, Apip Amrullah, Puji Rahmawati Nurcahyani, Chandrasekaran Dhanush, Lee Seng Hua, Widya Fatriasari
This research examined the effects of high-energy milling (HEM) on the physicochemical and structural properties of lignin derived from the areca leaf sheath (ALS). Lignin was extracted from black liquor with the incorporation of 20% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), thereafter undergoing drying, grinding, and sieving to achieve a consistent powder. The characteristics of the lignin samples treated by HEM under regulated conditions were later examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and morphological analysis. FT-IR analysis indicated substantial changes in functional groups, implying partial depolymerization and heightened exposure of hydroxyl and carbonyl functionalities. The XRD patterns indicated a notable decrease in crystallinity, implying that mechanical forces during milling generated an amorphization impact. These structural disruptions may augment the reactivity and surface area of lignin, confirming that HEM is an effective physical method for modifying the characteristics of ALS-derived lignin. The findings support the increased use of agricultural leftovers using eco-friendly and sustainable processing techniques. © 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, Jl. Lintas Jambi Ma, Bulian, Muaro Jambi, Jambi, 36361, Indonesia; Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan KST BJ Habibie, Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia; University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Research Center for Physics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kawasan KST Habibie Serpong, Banten, Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan, Banjarmasin, Indonesia; Food Technology Study Program, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Pahang Kampus Jengka, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Pahang, 26400, Malaysia
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