Ismail Alhassan Auwal, Svetlana Mintova, Tau Chuan Ling, Fitri Khoerunnisa, Ka-Lun Wong, Eng-Poh Ng
1-Propyl-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium ([pmIm]+), 3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,2-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium ([dhmIm]+) and 1-benzyl-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium ([bzmIm]+) cations were used as organic templates for crystallizing SAPO-5 with AFI microporous framework. The physico-chemical influences of the functional groups of the templates (e.g. polarity/hydrophilicity, molecular dimension and size) on SAPO-5 formation were investigated. The results revealed that the crystallization rate, crystallinity and solid yield could be enhanced by increasing the polarity/hydrophilicity of the templates. In addition, the isomorphous Si substitution, morphology and particle size of the resulted SAPO-5 were also affected by the substituted groups of the imidazolium templates. The thermogravimetry results further supported that the selection of organic template with proper polarity/hydrophilicity could be crucial to obtain SAPO-5 with high porosity (SBET, Smic, Sext and Vtotal) as high polar/hydrophilic template exhibited stronger chemical interaction with the AFI framework during template removal process via calcination process. © 2020 Elsevier Inc.
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sule Lamido University, PMB 048, Kafin Hausa, Jigawa State, Nigeria; Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, Caen, 14000, France; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Chemistry Education Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setiabudhi 258, Bandung, 40514, Indonesia; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, 43900, Malaysia; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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