Putri Amelia Solihah, Ida Kaniawati, Achmad Samsudin, Riandi Riandi
This study examines the cognitive abilities of eleventh-grade high school students in relation to critical thinking skills, specifically focusing on the subject matter of temperature and heat within the context of STEM-ESD. This research method is characterised as descriptive quantitative. The research focuses on a class of 25 students in the eleventh grade of SMA Majalengka. The class consists of 17 female students (referred to as "eneng") and 8 male students (referred to as "aa"). The instrument has undergone study using Rasch analysis, specifically by examining items (item fit), summary statistics, and person-item mappings. The assessment tools used to evaluate students' critical thinking skills, include the following indicators: 1) Fundamental clarification, 2) Fundamental decision making or assistance, 3) Inference, 4) Additional clarification, 5) Strategy and tactics. According to the findings of this study, the average percentage of students' critical thinking is classed as low, namely at 33.6%. The results indicate that 1) Basic clarification has a high percentage of 72%, 2) Basis in making decisions or support has a medium percentage of 40%, 3) Inference has a low percentage of 24%, 4) Further clarification has a low percentage of 28%, and 5) Strategy and tactics has a very low percentage of 4%. The study's findings indicate that pupils' critical thinking skills were categorised as low. It is vital to enhance students' critical thinking skills once again, as these skills are crucial for students. This can be achieved by increasing learning innovation, particularly in the development of instructional materials. © 2026 Author(s).
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia
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