S. Aleid Ghadah Mohammad, Fitri Khoerunnisa, Severinne Rigolet, T. Jean Daou, Tau-Chuan Ling, Eng-Poh Ng
Cs-pollucite can be a potential solid base catalyst due to the presence of (Si-O-Al)-Cs+ basic sites. However, it severely suffers from molecular diffusion and pore accessibility problems due to its small micropore opening. Herein, we report the use of new organosilane, viz. dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (TPOAC), as a promising poreexpanding agent to develop the hierarchical structure in nanosized Cs-pollucite. In respect to this, four different amounts of TPOAC were added during the synthesis of hierarchical Cs-pollucite (CPx, x = 0, 0.3, 1.0, or 2.0, where x is the molar ratio of TPOAC) in order to investigate the effects of TPOAC in the crystallization process of Cs-pollucite. The results show that an addition of TPOAC altered the physico-chemical and morphological properties of hierarchical Cs-pollucite, such as the crystallinity, crystallite size, pore size distribution, surface areas, pore volume, and surface basicity. The prepared solids were also tested in Claisen-Schmidt condensation of benzaldehyde and acetophenone, where 82.2% of the conversion and 100% selectivity to chalcone were achieved by the CP-2.0 catalyst using non-microwave instant heating (200 °C, 100 min). The hierarchical CP-2.0 nanocatalyst also showed better catalytic performance than other homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts and displayed a high catalyst reusability with no significant deterioration in the catalytic performance even after five consecutive reaction runs. © 2019 by the authors.
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800 USM, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry (Preparatory Year), Faculty of Science, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail, 18451, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Education Department, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Setiabudhi 258, Bandung, 40514, Indonesia; Axe Matériaux à Porosités Contrôlées, Institut de Science de Matériaux de Mulhouse UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, ENSCMu, 3b rue Alfred Werner, Mulhouse, 68093, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67000, France; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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