Lisna Anisa Fitriana, Upik Rahmi, Setiawan, Lucky Angkawijaya Roring, Hamidie Ronald Daniel Ray, Roman Ardian Goenarjo, Zulkarnain Jaafar, Farida Murtiani
Background: Cardiovascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, are increasing among Indonesian young adults despite their apparently healthy status. Valid field methods for assessing VO₂max, a key indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness, are needed for large-scale screening. This study validated the one-minute stair step test (OMSST) against the Bruce treadmill protocol as the reference standard. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 51 healthy males (20.41±0.57 years, BMI 22.52±3.28 kg/m²) in Bandung, Indonesia. VO₂max was measured using the Bruce protocol and estimated using the OMSST (40-cm step, 30 steps/min). Anthropometrics variables, heart rate recovery at 60 seconds (HRR60), and multiple regression variables (age, height, weight, and HRR60) were analyzed using paired t-tests, correlations, and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The mean VO₂max estimated using the OMSST (50.91±3.29 mL/kg/min) closely matched that measured Bruce protocol (49.75±3.61 mL/kg/min; p=0.091), with a small positive bias (1.16 mL/kg/min) and 95% limits of agreement within acceptable bounds. A strong correlation (r=0.85, p<0.001) confirmed validity. HRR60 (91.12±15.10 bpm) significantly predicted VO₂max. Conclusion: OMSST is a valid, simple, low-cost field surrogate for laboratory VO₂max testing in young males, ideal for middle-income settings. Future studies should assess diverse populations and longitudinal reliability. © 2026, University of Padjadjaran Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Sport and Health Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia; Center of Sport Science, Wellness, and Longevity, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Medical Biology Pre-Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Research, Sulianti Saroso Infectious Disease Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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