Muhammad Aziz, Muhammad Huda, Asep Bayu Dani Nandiyanto, Ade Gafar Abdullah
Utilization of electric vehicles (EVs) for grid ancillary services, especially for frequency regulation, in Denmark is analysed. Denmark has two different electricity grids: DK1 (Western Denmark) and DK2 (Eastern Denmark). However, although both of the grids are coordinated by the same transmission service operator (TSO, which is Energinet.dk), they have different characteristics related to the capacity, supply composition, and grid connections. The capacity of DK2 network is significantly smaller than DK1, although the share of renewable energy in DK1 is higher. However, as DK1 is connected to very large European grid, DK1 seems to be more stable than DK2. Related to frequency regulation, especially the primary regulation, DK2 provides symmetrical regulation for both up and down regulations, while DK1 adopted an independent price for each of up and down regulations. From revenue comparison of services conducted by passenger EVs, frequency regulation in DK2 brings higher revenue than one conducted in DK1. However, as the frequency and fluctuation of both up and down services are higher in DK2, faster battery degradation of EVs in DK2 feared to occur. © School of Engineering, Taylor's University.
Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan; Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Kanagawa, Japan; Departemen Pendidikan Kimia, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi no 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia; Departemen Pendidikan Teknik Elektro, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudi no 229, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia
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